Medial tibial stress syndrome is a common overuse injury in sport, especially in those who do a lot of road running. Medial tibial stress syndrome used to be referred to as shin splints as it is a similar patholgy as to a shin problem in horses. The actually pathology is not entirely clear in medial tibial stress syndrome as it is thought to either be a strain of the insertion of the muscles on the tibia or a reaction of the bone or periosteum that surrounds the bone. The pain of medial tibial stress syndrome is felt on the inside of the tibia bone usually in the middle third of the length of the bone. Generally, the symptoms do not interfere with running unless they get severe.
Medial tibial stress syndrome is thought to be due to overuse, such as doing too much running too soon or from some type of biomechanical fault like a pronated or flat foot and tight calf muscles. Medial tibial stress syndrome is generally treated with a reduction in training activity levels; advice on avoiding inappropriate training routines; advice on the best running shoe for the particular athlete; stretching for tight muscles; and foot orthotics to treat any foot biomechanical dysfunction. Medial tibial stress syndrome on rare occasions may need surgery.
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